diff --git a/nanobot/providers/base.py b/nanobot/providers/base.py
index c69c38b..eb1599a 100644
--- a/nanobot/providers/base.py
+++ b/nanobot/providers/base.py
@@ -39,6 +39,46 @@ class LLMProvider(ABC):
     def __init__(self, api_key: str | None = None, api_base: str | None = None):
         self.api_key = api_key
         self.api_base = api_base
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _sanitize_empty_content(messages: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Replace empty text content that causes provider 400 errors.
+
+        Empty content can appear when MCP tools return nothing. Most providers
+        reject empty-string content or empty text blocks in list content.
+        """
+        result: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        for msg in messages:
+            content = msg.get("content")
+
+            if isinstance(content, str) and not content:
+                clean = dict(msg)
+                clean["content"] = None if (msg.get("role") == "assistant" and msg.get("tool_calls")) else "(empty)"
+                result.append(clean)
+                continue
+
+            if isinstance(content, list):
+                filtered = [
+                    item for item in content
+                    if not (
+                        isinstance(item, dict)
+                        and item.get("type") in ("text", "input_text", "output_text")
+                        and not item.get("text")
+                    )
+                ]
+                if len(filtered) != len(content):
+                    clean = dict(msg)
+                    if filtered:
+                        clean["content"] = filtered
+                    elif msg.get("role") == "assistant" and msg.get("tool_calls"):
+                        clean["content"] = None
+                    else:
+                        clean["content"] = "(empty)"
+                    result.append(clean)
+                    continue
+
+            result.append(msg)
+        return result
     
     @abstractmethod
     async def chat(
diff --git a/nanobot/providers/custom_provider.py b/nanobot/providers/custom_provider.py
index 4022d9e..a578d14 100644
--- a/nanobot/providers/custom_provider.py
+++ b/nanobot/providers/custom_provider.py
@@ -19,8 +19,12 @@ class CustomProvider(LLMProvider):
 
     async def chat(self, messages: list[dict[str, Any]], tools: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
                    model: str | None = None, max_tokens: int = 4096, temperature: float = 0.7) -> LLMResponse:
-        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {"model": model or self.default_model, "messages": messages,
-                                  "max_tokens": max(1, max_tokens), "temperature": temperature}
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "model": model or self.default_model,
+            "messages": self._sanitize_empty_content(messages),
+            "max_tokens": max(1, max_tokens),
+            "temperature": temperature,
+        }
         if tools:
             kwargs.update(tools=tools, tool_choice="auto")
         try:
@@ -45,3 +49,4 @@ class CustomProvider(LLMProvider):
 
     def get_default_model(self) -> str:
         return self.default_model
+
diff --git a/nanobot/providers/litellm_provider.py b/nanobot/providers/litellm_provider.py
index 784f02c..7402a2b 100644
--- a/nanobot/providers/litellm_provider.py
+++ b/nanobot/providers/litellm_provider.py
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class LiteLLMProvider(LLMProvider):
         
         kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
             "model": model,
-            "messages": self._sanitize_messages(messages),
+            "messages": self._sanitize_messages(self._sanitize_empty_content(messages)),
             "max_tokens": max_tokens,
             "temperature": temperature,
         }