Merge branch 'main' into pr-807

2026-02-20 08:47:13 +00:00
parent f3c7337356 d609eba7d6
commit bbd76e8f5b
32 changed files with 629 additions and 314 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -16,28 +16,28 @@
 ⚡️ Delivers core agent functionality in just **~4,000** lines of code — **99% smaller** than Clawdbot's 430k+ lines.
-📏 Real-time line count: **3,761 lines** (run `bash core_agent_lines.sh` to verify anytime)
+📏 Real-time line count: **3,793 lines** (run `bash core_agent_lines.sh` to verify anytime)
 ## 📢 News
- **2026-02-17** 🎉 Released v0.1.4 — MCP support, progress streaming, new providers, and multiple channel improvements. Please see [release notes](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.4) for details.
+- **2026-02-17** 🎉 Released **v0.1.4** — MCP support, progress streaming, new providers, and multiple channel improvements. Please see [release notes](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.4) for details.
 - **2026-02-16** 🦞 nanobot now integrates a [ClawHub](https://clawhub.ai) skill — search and install public agent skills.
 - **2026-02-15** 🔑 nanobot now supports OpenAI Codex provider with OAuth login support.
 - **2026-02-14** 🔌 nanobot now supports MCP! See [MCP section](#mcp-model-context-protocol) for details.
- **2026-02-13** 🎉 Released v0.1.3.post7 — includes security hardening and multiple improvements. All users are recommended to upgrade to the latest version. See [release notes](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post7) for more details.
+- **2026-02-13** 🎉 Released **v0.1.3.post7** — includes security hardening and multiple improvements. **Please upgrade to the latest version to address security issues**. See [release notes](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post7) for more details.
 - **2026-02-12** 🧠 Redesigned memory system — Less code, more reliable. Join the [discussion](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/discussions/566) about it!
 - **2026-02-11** ✨ Enhanced CLI experience and added MiniMax support!
- **2026-02-10** 🎉 Released v0.1.3.post6 with improvements! Check the updates [notes](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post6) and our [roadmap](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/discussions/431).
+- **2026-02-10** 🎉 Released **v0.1.3.post6** with improvements! Check the updates [notes](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post6) and our [roadmap](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/discussions/431).
 - **2026-02-09** 💬 Added Slack, Email, and QQ support — nanobot now supports multiple chat platforms!
 - **2026-02-08** 🔧 Refactored Providers—adding a new LLM provider now takes just 2 simple steps! Check [here](#providers).
 <details>
 <summary>Earlier news</summary>
- **2026-02-07** 🚀 Released v0.1.3.post5 with Qwen support & several key improvements! Check [here](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post5) for details.
+- **2026-02-07** 🚀 Released **v0.1.3.post5** with Qwen support & several key improvements! Check [here](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post5) for details.
 - **2026-02-06** ✨ Added Moonshot/Kimi provider, Discord integration, and enhanced security hardening!
 - **2026-02-05** ✨ Added Feishu channel, DeepSeek provider, and enhanced scheduled tasks support!
- **2026-02-04** 🚀 Released v0.1.3.post4 with multi-provider & Docker support! Check [here](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post4) for details.
+- **2026-02-04** 🚀 Released **v0.1.3.post4** with multi-provider & Docker support! Check [here](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.3.post4) for details.
 - **2026-02-03** ⚡ Integrated vLLM for local LLM support and improved natural language task scheduling!
 - **2026-02-02** 🎉 nanobot officially launched! Welcome to try 🐈 nanobot!
@@ -578,6 +578,7 @@ Config file: `~/.nanobot/config.json`
 > - **Groq** provides free voice transcription via Whisper. If configured, Telegram voice messages will be automatically transcribed.
 > - **Zhipu Coding Plan**: If you're on Zhipu's coding plan, set `"apiBase": "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/coding/paas/v4"` in your zhipu provider config.
 > - **MiniMax (Mainland China)**: If your API key is from MiniMax's mainland China platform (minimaxi.com), set `"apiBase": "https://api.minimaxi.com/v1"` in your minimax provider config.
 > - **VolcEngine Coding Plan**: If you're on VolcEngine's coding plan, set `"apiBase": "https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/coding/v3"` in your volcengine provider config.
 | Provider | Purpose | Get API Key |
 |----------|---------|-------------|
@@ -590,7 +591,8 @@ Config file: `~/.nanobot/config.json`
 | `gemini` | LLM (Gemini direct) | [aistudio.google.com](https://aistudio.google.com) |
 | `minimax` | LLM (MiniMax direct) | [platform.minimax.io](https://platform.minimax.io) |
 | `aihubmix` | LLM (API gateway, access to all models) | [aihubmix.com](https://aihubmix.com) |
-| `siliconflow` | LLM (SiliconFlow/硅基流动, API gateway) | [siliconflow.cn](https://siliconflow.cn) |
+| `siliconflow` | LLM (SiliconFlow/硅基流动) | [siliconflow.cn](https://siliconflow.cn) |
 | `volcengine` | LLM (VolcEngine/火山引擎) | [volcengine.com](https://www.volcengine.com) |
 | `dashscope` | LLM (Qwen) | [dashscope.console.aliyun.com](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com) |
 | `moonshot` | LLM (Moonshot/Kimi) | [platform.moonshot.cn](https://platform.moonshot.cn) |
 | `zhipu` | LLM (Zhipu GLM) | [open.bigmodel.cn](https://open.bigmodel.cn) |
--- a/nanobot/agent/loop.py
+++ b/nanobot/agent/loop.py
@@ -89,16 +89,17 @@ class AgentLoop:
        self._mcp_servers = mcp_servers or {}
        self._mcp_stack: AsyncExitStack | None = None
        self._mcp_connected = False
        self._consolidating: set[str] = set()  # Session keys with consolidation in progress
        self._register_default_tools()
    def _register_default_tools(self) -> None:
        """Register the default set of tools."""
-        # File tools (restrict to workspace if configured)
+        # File tools (workspace for relative paths, restrict if configured)
        allowed_dir = self.workspace if self.restrict_to_workspace else None
-        self.tools.register(ReadFileTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+        self.tools.register(ReadFileTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
-        self.tools.register(WriteFileTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+        self.tools.register(WriteFileTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
-        self.tools.register(EditFileTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+        self.tools.register(EditFileTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
-        self.tools.register(ListDirTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+        self.tools.register(ListDirTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
        # Shell tool
        self.tools.register(ExecTool(
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ class AgentLoop:
        iteration = 0
        final_content = None
        tools_used: list[str] = []
        text_only_retried = False
        while iteration < self.max_iterations:
            iteration += 1
@@ -206,7 +208,7 @@ class AgentLoop:
                        "type": "function",
                        "function": {
                            "name": tc.name,
-                            "arguments": json.dumps(tc.arguments)
+                            "arguments": json.dumps(tc.arguments, ensure_ascii=False)
                        }
                    }
                    for tc in response.tool_calls
@@ -219,13 +221,24 @@ class AgentLoop:
                for tool_call in response.tool_calls:
                    tools_used.append(tool_call.name)
                    args_str = json.dumps(tool_call.arguments, ensure_ascii=False)
-                    logger.info(f"Tool call: {tool_call.name}({args_str[:200]})")
+                    logger.info("Tool call: {}({})", tool_call.name, args_str[:200])
                    result = await self.tools.execute(tool_call.name, tool_call.arguments)
                    messages = self.context.add_tool_result(
                        messages, tool_call.id, tool_call.name, result
                    )
            else:
                final_content = self._strip_think(response.content)
                # Some models send an interim text response before tool calls.
                # Give them one retry; don't forward the text to avoid duplicates.
                if not tools_used and not text_only_retried and final_content:
                    text_only_retried = True
                    logger.debug("Interim text response (no tools used yet), retrying: {}", final_content[:80])
                    messages = self.context.add_assistant_message(
                        messages, response.content,
                        reasoning_content=response.reasoning_content,
                    )
                    final_content = None
                    continue
                break
        return final_content, tools_used
@@ -247,7 +260,7 @@ class AgentLoop:
                    if response:
                        await self.bus.publish_outbound(response)
                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.error(f"Error processing message: {e}")
+                    logger.error("Error processing message: {}", e)
                    await self.bus.publish_outbound(OutboundMessage(
                        channel=msg.channel,
                        chat_id=msg.chat_id,
@@ -292,7 +305,7 @@ class AgentLoop:
            return await self._process_system_message(msg)
        preview = msg.content[:80] + "..." if len(msg.content) > 80 else msg.content
-        logger.info(f"Processing message from {msg.channel}:{msg.sender_id}: {preview}")
+        logger.info("Processing message from {}:{}: {}", msg.channel, msg.sender_id, preview)
        key = session_key or msg.session_key
        session = self.sessions.get_or_create(key)
@@ -318,8 +331,16 @@ class AgentLoop:
            return OutboundMessage(channel=msg.channel, chat_id=msg.chat_id,
                                  content="🐈 nanobot commands:\n/new — Start a new conversation\n/help — Show available commands")
-        if len(session.messages) > self.memory_window:
+        if len(session.messages) > self.memory_window and session.key not in self._consolidating:
-            asyncio.create_task(self._consolidate_memory(session))
+            self._consolidating.add(session.key)
            async def _consolidate_and_unlock():
                try:
                    await self._consolidate_memory(session)
                finally:
                    self._consolidating.discard(session.key)
            asyncio.create_task(_consolidate_and_unlock())
        self._set_tool_context(msg.channel, msg.chat_id)
        initial_messages = self.context.build_messages(
@@ -344,7 +365,7 @@ class AgentLoop:
            final_content = "I've completed processing but have no response to give."
        preview = final_content[:120] + "..." if len(final_content) > 120 else final_content
-        logger.info(f"Response to {msg.channel}:{msg.sender_id}: {preview}")
+        logger.info("Response to {}:{}: {}", msg.channel, msg.sender_id, preview)
        session.add_message("user", msg.content)
        session.add_message("assistant", final_content,
@@ -365,7 +386,7 @@ class AgentLoop:
        The chat_id field contains "original_channel:original_chat_id" to route
        the response back to the correct destination.
        """
-        logger.info(f"Processing system message from {msg.sender_id}")
+        logger.info("Processing system message from {}", msg.sender_id)
        # Parse origin from chat_id (format: "channel:chat_id")
        if ":" in msg.chat_id:
@@ -413,22 +434,22 @@ class AgentLoop:
        if archive_all:
            old_messages = session.messages
            keep_count = 0
-            logger.info(f"Memory consolidation (archive_all): {len(session.messages)} total messages archived")
+            logger.info("Memory consolidation (archive_all): {} total messages archived", len(session.messages))
        else:
            keep_count = self.memory_window // 2
            if len(session.messages) <= keep_count:
-                logger.debug(f"Session {session.key}: No consolidation needed (messages={len(session.messages)}, keep={keep_count})")
+                logger.debug("Session {}: No consolidation needed (messages={}, keep={})", session.key, len(session.messages), keep_count)
                return
            messages_to_process = len(session.messages) - session.last_consolidated
            if messages_to_process <= 0:
-                logger.debug(f"Session {session.key}: No new messages to consolidate (last_consolidated={session.last_consolidated}, total={len(session.messages)})")
+                logger.debug("Session {}: No new messages to consolidate (last_consolidated={}, total={})", session.key, session.last_consolidated, len(session.messages))
                return
            old_messages = session.messages[session.last_consolidated:-keep_count]
            if not old_messages:
                return
-            logger.info(f"Memory consolidation started: {len(session.messages)} total, {len(old_messages)} new to consolidate, {keep_count} keep")
+            logger.info("Memory consolidation started: {} total, {} new to consolidate, {} keep", len(session.messages), len(old_messages), keep_count)
        lines = []
        for m in old_messages:
@@ -451,6 +472,14 @@ class AgentLoop:
 ## Conversation to Process
 {conversation}
 **IMPORTANT**: Both values MUST be strings, not objects or arrays.
 Example:
 {{
  "history_entry": "[2026-02-14 22:50] User asked about...",
  "memory_update": "- Host: HARRYBOOK-T14P\n- Name: Nado"
 }}
 Respond with ONLY valid JSON, no markdown fences."""
        try:
@@ -469,12 +498,18 @@ Respond with ONLY valid JSON, no markdown fences."""
                text = text.split("\n", 1)[-1].rsplit("```", 1)[0].strip()
            result = json_repair.loads(text)
            if not isinstance(result, dict):
-                logger.warning(f"Memory consolidation: unexpected response type, skipping. Response: {text[:200]}")
+                logger.warning("Memory consolidation: unexpected response type, skipping. Response: {}", text[:200])
                return
            if entry := result.get("history_entry"):
                # Defensive: ensure entry is a string (LLM may return dict)
                if not isinstance(entry, str):
                    entry = json.dumps(entry, ensure_ascii=False)
                memory.append_history(entry)
            if update := result.get("memory_update"):
                # Defensive: ensure update is a string
                if not isinstance(update, str):
                    update = json.dumps(update, ensure_ascii=False)
                if update != current_memory:
                    memory.write_long_term(update)
@@ -482,9 +517,9 @@ Respond with ONLY valid JSON, no markdown fences."""
                session.last_consolidated = 0
            else:
                session.last_consolidated = len(session.messages) - keep_count
-            logger.info(f"Memory consolidation done: {len(session.messages)} messages, last_consolidated={session.last_consolidated}")
+            logger.info("Memory consolidation done: {} messages, last_consolidated={}", len(session.messages), session.last_consolidated)
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Memory consolidation failed: {e}")
+            logger.error("Memory consolidation failed: {}", e)
    async def process_direct(
        self,
--- a/nanobot/agent/subagent.py
+++ b/nanobot/agent/subagent.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class SubagentManager:
        # Cleanup when done
        bg_task.add_done_callback(lambda _: self._running_tasks.pop(task_id, None))
-        logger.info(f"Spawned subagent [{task_id}]: {display_label}")
+        logger.info("Spawned subagent [{}]: {}", task_id, display_label)
        return f"Subagent [{display_label}] started (id: {task_id}). I'll notify you when it completes."
    async def _run_subagent(
@@ -97,16 +97,16 @@ class SubagentManager:
        origin: dict[str, str],
    ) -> None:
        """Execute the subagent task and announce the result."""
-        logger.info(f"Subagent [{task_id}] starting task: {label}")
+        logger.info("Subagent [{}] starting task: {}", task_id, label)
        try:
            # Build subagent tools (no message tool, no spawn tool)
            tools = ToolRegistry()
            allowed_dir = self.workspace if self.restrict_to_workspace else None
-            tools.register(ReadFileTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+            tools.register(ReadFileTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
-            tools.register(WriteFileTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+            tools.register(WriteFileTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
-            tools.register(EditFileTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+            tools.register(EditFileTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
-            tools.register(ListDirTool(allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
+            tools.register(ListDirTool(workspace=self.workspace, allowed_dir=allowed_dir))
            tools.register(ExecTool(
                working_dir=str(self.workspace),
                timeout=self.exec_config.timeout,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class SubagentManager:
                            "type": "function",
                            "function": {
                                "name": tc.name,
-                                "arguments": json.dumps(tc.arguments),
+                                "arguments": json.dumps(tc.arguments, ensure_ascii=False),
                            },
                        }
                        for tc in response.tool_calls
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ class SubagentManager:
                    # Execute tools
                    for tool_call in response.tool_calls:
-                        args_str = json.dumps(tool_call.arguments)
+                        args_str = json.dumps(tool_call.arguments, ensure_ascii=False)
-                        logger.debug(f"Subagent [{task_id}] executing: {tool_call.name} with arguments: {args_str}")
+                        logger.debug("Subagent [{}] executing: {} with arguments: {}", task_id, tool_call.name, args_str)
                        result = await tools.execute(tool_call.name, tool_call.arguments)
                        messages.append({
                            "role": "tool",
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ class SubagentManager:
            if final_result is None:
                final_result = "Task completed but no final response was generated."
-            logger.info(f"Subagent [{task_id}] completed successfully")
+            logger.info("Subagent [{}] completed successfully", task_id)
            await self._announce_result(task_id, label, task, final_result, origin, "ok")
        except Exception as e:
            error_msg = f"Error: {str(e)}"
-            logger.error(f"Subagent [{task_id}] failed: {e}")
+            logger.error("Subagent [{}] failed: {}", task_id, e)
            await self._announce_result(task_id, label, task, error_msg, origin, "error")
    async def _announce_result(
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ Summarize this naturally for the user. Keep it brief (1-2 sentences). Do not men
        )
        await self.bus.publish_inbound(msg)
-        logger.debug(f"Subagent [{task_id}] announced result to {origin['channel']}:{origin['chat_id']}")
+        logger.debug("Subagent [{}] announced result to {}:{}", task_id, origin['channel'], origin['chat_id'])
    def _build_subagent_prompt(self, task: str) -> str:
        """Build a focused system prompt for the subagent."""
--- a/nanobot/agent/tools/filesystem.py
+++ b/nanobot/agent/tools/filesystem.py
@@ -6,9 +6,12 @@ from typing import Any
 from nanobot.agent.tools.base import Tool
-def _resolve_path(path: str, allowed_dir: Path | None = None) -> Path:
+def _resolve_path(path: str, workspace: Path | None = None, allowed_dir: Path | None = None) -> Path:
-    """Resolve path and optionally enforce directory restriction."""
+    """Resolve path against workspace (if relative) and enforce directory restriction."""
-    resolved = Path(path).expanduser().resolve()
+    p = Path(path).expanduser()
    if not p.is_absolute() and workspace:
        p = workspace / p
    resolved = p.resolve()
    if allowed_dir and not str(resolved).startswith(str(allowed_dir.resolve())):
        raise PermissionError(f"Path {path} is outside allowed directory {allowed_dir}")
    return resolved
@@ -17,7 +20,8 @@ def _resolve_path(path: str, allowed_dir: Path | None = None) -> Path:
 class ReadFileTool(Tool):
    """Tool to read file contents."""
-    def __init__(self, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
+    def __init__(self, workspace: Path | None = None, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
        self._workspace = workspace
        self._allowed_dir = allowed_dir
    @property
@@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ class ReadFileTool(Tool):
    async def execute(self, path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
        try:
-            file_path = _resolve_path(path, self._allowed_dir)
+            file_path = _resolve_path(path, self._workspace, self._allowed_dir)
            if not file_path.exists():
                return f"Error: File not found: {path}"
            if not file_path.is_file():
@@ -60,7 +64,8 @@ class ReadFileTool(Tool):
 class WriteFileTool(Tool):
    """Tool to write content to a file."""
-    def __init__(self, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
+    def __init__(self, workspace: Path | None = None, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
        self._workspace = workspace
        self._allowed_dir = allowed_dir
    @property
@@ -90,10 +95,10 @@ class WriteFileTool(Tool):
    async def execute(self, path: str, content: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
        try:
-            file_path = _resolve_path(path, self._allowed_dir)
+            file_path = _resolve_path(path, self._workspace, self._allowed_dir)
            file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
            file_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
-            return f"Successfully wrote {len(content)} bytes to {path}"
+            return f"Successfully wrote {len(content)} bytes to {file_path}"
        except PermissionError as e:
            return f"Error: {e}"
        except Exception as e:
@@ -103,7 +108,8 @@ class WriteFileTool(Tool):
 class EditFileTool(Tool):
    """Tool to edit a file by replacing text."""
-    def __init__(self, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
+    def __init__(self, workspace: Path | None = None, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
        self._workspace = workspace
        self._allowed_dir = allowed_dir
    @property
@@ -137,7 +143,7 @@ class EditFileTool(Tool):
    async def execute(self, path: str, old_text: str, new_text: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
        try:
-            file_path = _resolve_path(path, self._allowed_dir)
+            file_path = _resolve_path(path, self._workspace, self._allowed_dir)
            if not file_path.exists():
                return f"Error: File not found: {path}"
@@ -154,7 +160,7 @@ class EditFileTool(Tool):
            new_content = content.replace(old_text, new_text, 1)
            file_path.write_text(new_content, encoding="utf-8")
-            return f"Successfully edited {path}"
+            return f"Successfully edited {file_path}"
        except PermissionError as e:
            return f"Error: {e}"
        except Exception as e:
@@ -164,7 +170,8 @@ class EditFileTool(Tool):
 class ListDirTool(Tool):
    """Tool to list directory contents."""
-    def __init__(self, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
+    def __init__(self, workspace: Path | None = None, allowed_dir: Path | None = None):
        self._workspace = workspace
        self._allowed_dir = allowed_dir
    @property
@@ -190,7 +197,7 @@ class ListDirTool(Tool):
    async def execute(self, path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
        try:
-            dir_path = _resolve_path(path, self._allowed_dir)
+            dir_path = _resolve_path(path, self._workspace, self._allowed_dir)
            if not dir_path.exists():
                return f"Error: Directory not found: {path}"
            if not dir_path.is_dir():
--- a/nanobot/agent/tools/mcp.py
+++ b/nanobot/agent/tools/mcp.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ async def connect_mcp_servers(
                        streamable_http_client(cfg.url)
                    )
            else:
-                logger.warning(f"MCP server '{name}': no command or url configured, skipping")
+                logger.warning("MCP server '{}': no command or url configured, skipping", name)
                continue
            session = await stack.enter_async_context(ClientSession(read, write))
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ async def connect_mcp_servers(
            for tool_def in tools.tools:
                wrapper = MCPToolWrapper(session, name, tool_def)
                registry.register(wrapper)
-                logger.debug(f"MCP: registered tool '{wrapper.name}' from server '{name}'")
+                logger.debug("MCP: registered tool '{}' from server '{}'", wrapper.name, name)
-            logger.info(f"MCP server '{name}': connected, {len(tools.tools)} tools registered")
+            logger.info("MCP server '{}': connected, {} tools registered", name, len(tools.tools))
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"MCP server '{name}': failed to connect: {e}")
+            logger.error("MCP server '{}': failed to connect: {}", name, e)
--- a/nanobot/agent/tools/shell.py
+++ b/nanobot/agent/tools/shell.py
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ class ExecTool(Tool):
            r"\brm\s+-[rf]{1,2}\b",          # rm -r, rm -rf, rm -fr
            r"\bdel\s+/[fq]\b",              # del /f, del /q
            r"\brmdir\s+/s\b",               # rmdir /s
-            r"\b(format|mkfs|diskpart)\b",   # disk operations
+            r"(?:^|[;&|]\s*)format\b",       # format (as standalone command only)
            r"\b(mkfs|diskpart)\b",          # disk operations
            r"\bdd\s+if=",                   # dd
            r">\s*/dev/sd",                  # write to disk
            r"\b(shutdown|reboot|poweroff)\b",  # system power
@@ -81,6 +82,12 @@ class ExecTool(Tool):
                )
            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                process.kill()
                # Wait for the process to fully terminate so pipes are
                # drained and file descriptors are released.
                try:
                    await asyncio.wait_for(process.wait(), timeout=5.0)
                except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                    pass
                return f"Error: Command timed out after {self.timeout} seconds"
            output_parts = []
--- a/nanobot/agent/tools/web.py
+++ b/nanobot/agent/tools/web.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class WebFetchTool(Tool):
        # Validate URL before fetching
        is_valid, error_msg = _validate_url(url)
        if not is_valid:
-            return json.dumps({"error": f"URL validation failed: {error_msg}", "url": url})
+            return json.dumps({"error": f"URL validation failed: {error_msg}", "url": url}, ensure_ascii=False)
        try:
            async with httpx.AsyncClient(
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class WebFetchTool(Tool):
            # JSON
            if "application/json" in ctype:
-                text, extractor = json.dumps(r.json(), indent=2), "json"
+                text, extractor = json.dumps(r.json(), indent=2, ensure_ascii=False), "json"
            # HTML
            elif "text/html" in ctype or r.text[:256].lower().startswith(("<!doctype", "<html")):
                doc = Document(r.text)
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ class WebFetchTool(Tool):
                text = text[:max_chars]
            return json.dumps({"url": url, "finalUrl": str(r.url), "status": r.status_code,
-                              "extractor": extractor, "truncated": truncated, "length": len(text), "text": text})
+                              "extractor": extractor, "truncated": truncated, "length": len(text), "text": text}, ensure_ascii=False)
        except Exception as e:
-            return json.dumps({"error": str(e), "url": url})
+            return json.dumps({"error": str(e), "url": url}, ensure_ascii=False)
    def _to_markdown(self, html: str) -> str:
        """Convert HTML to markdown."""
--- a/nanobot/bus/queue.py
+++ b/nanobot/bus/queue.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 """Async message queue for decoupled channel-agent communication."""
 import asyncio
 from typing import Callable, Awaitable
 from loguru import logger
 from nanobot.bus.events import InboundMessage, OutboundMessage
@@ -19,8 +16,6 @@ class MessageBus:
    def __init__(self):
        self.inbound: asyncio.Queue[InboundMessage] = asyncio.Queue()
        self.outbound: asyncio.Queue[OutboundMessage] = asyncio.Queue()
        self._outbound_subscribers: dict[str, list[Callable[[OutboundMessage], Awaitable[None]]]] = {}
        self._running = False
    async def publish_inbound(self, msg: InboundMessage) -> None:
        """Publish a message from a channel to the agent."""
@@ -38,38 +33,6 @@ class MessageBus:
        """Consume the next outbound message (blocks until available)."""
        return await self.outbound.get()
    def subscribe_outbound(
        self, 
        channel: str, 
        callback: Callable[[OutboundMessage], Awaitable[None]]
    ) -> None:
        """Subscribe to outbound messages for a specific channel."""
        if channel not in self._outbound_subscribers:
            self._outbound_subscribers[channel] = []
        self._outbound_subscribers[channel].append(callback)
    async def dispatch_outbound(self) -> None:
        """
        Dispatch outbound messages to subscribed channels.
        Run this as a background task.
        """
        self._running = True
        while self._running:
            try:
                msg = await asyncio.wait_for(self.outbound.get(), timeout=1.0)
                subscribers = self._outbound_subscribers.get(msg.channel, [])
                for callback in subscribers:
                    try:
                        await callback(msg)
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.error(f"Error dispatching to {msg.channel}: {e}")
            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                continue
    def stop(self) -> None:
        """Stop the dispatcher loop."""
        self._running = False
    @property
    def inbound_size(self) -> int:
        """Number of pending inbound messages."""
--- a/nanobot/channels/dingtalk.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/dingtalk.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class NanobotDingTalkHandler(CallbackHandler):
            sender_id = chatbot_msg.sender_staff_id or chatbot_msg.sender_id
            sender_name = chatbot_msg.sender_nick or "Unknown"
-            logger.info(f"Received DingTalk message from {sender_name} ({sender_id}): {content}")
+            logger.info("Received DingTalk message from {} ({}): {}", sender_name, sender_id, content)
            # Forward to Nanobot via _on_message (non-blocking).
            # Store reference to prevent GC before task completes.
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class NanobotDingTalkHandler(CallbackHandler):
            return AckMessage.STATUS_OK, "OK"
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error processing DingTalk message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error processing DingTalk message: {}", e)
            # Return OK to avoid retry loop from DingTalk server
            return AckMessage.STATUS_OK, "Error"
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@ class DingTalkChannel(BaseChannel):
                try:
                    await self._client.start()
                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.warning(f"DingTalk stream error: {e}")
+                    logger.warning("DingTalk stream error: {}", e)
                if self._running:
                    logger.info("Reconnecting DingTalk stream in 5 seconds...")
                    await asyncio.sleep(5)
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.exception(f"Failed to start DingTalk channel: {e}")
+            logger.exception("Failed to start DingTalk channel: {}", e)
    async def stop(self) -> None:
        """Stop the DingTalk bot."""
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class DingTalkChannel(BaseChannel):
            self._token_expiry = time.time() + int(res_data.get("expireIn", 7200)) - 60
            return self._access_token
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Failed to get DingTalk access token: {e}")
+            logger.error("Failed to get DingTalk access token: {}", e)
            return None
    async def send(self, msg: OutboundMessage) -> None:
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class DingTalkChannel(BaseChannel):
            "msgParam": json.dumps({
                "text": msg.content,
                "title": "Nanobot Reply",
-            }),
+            }, ensure_ascii=False),
        }
        if not self._http:
@@ -218,11 +218,11 @@ class DingTalkChannel(BaseChannel):
        try:
            resp = await self._http.post(url, json=data, headers=headers)
            if resp.status_code != 200:
-                logger.error(f"DingTalk send failed: {resp.text}")
+                logger.error("DingTalk send failed: {}", resp.text)
            else:
-                logger.debug(f"DingTalk message sent to {msg.chat_id}")
+                logger.debug("DingTalk message sent to {}", msg.chat_id)
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error sending DingTalk message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error sending DingTalk message: {}", e)
    async def _on_message(self, content: str, sender_id: str, sender_name: str) -> None:
        """Handle incoming message (called by NanobotDingTalkHandler).
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class DingTalkChannel(BaseChannel):
        permission checks before publishing to the bus.
        """
        try:
-            logger.info(f"DingTalk inbound: {content} from {sender_name}")
+            logger.info("DingTalk inbound: {} from {}", content, sender_name)
            await self._handle_message(
                sender_id=sender_id,
                chat_id=sender_id,  # For private chat, chat_id == sender_id
@@ -242,4 +242,4 @@ class DingTalkChannel(BaseChannel):
                },
            )
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error publishing DingTalk message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error publishing DingTalk message: {}", e)
--- a/nanobot/channels/discord.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/discord.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class DiscordChannel(BaseChannel):
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                break
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Discord gateway error: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Discord gateway error: {}", e)
                if self._running:
                    logger.info("Reconnecting to Discord gateway in 5 seconds...")
                    await asyncio.sleep(5)
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ class DiscordChannel(BaseChannel):
                    if response.status_code == 429:
                        data = response.json()
                        retry_after = float(data.get("retry_after", 1.0))
-                        logger.warning(f"Discord rate limited, retrying in {retry_after}s")
+                        logger.warning("Discord rate limited, retrying in {}s", retry_after)
                        await asyncio.sleep(retry_after)
                        continue
                    response.raise_for_status()
                    return
                except Exception as e:
                    if attempt == 2:
-                        logger.error(f"Error sending Discord message: {e}")
+                        logger.error("Error sending Discord message: {}", e)
                    else:
                        await asyncio.sleep(1)
        finally:
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class DiscordChannel(BaseChannel):
            try:
                data = json.loads(raw)
            except json.JSONDecodeError:
-                logger.warning(f"Invalid JSON from Discord gateway: {raw[:100]}")
+                logger.warning("Invalid JSON from Discord gateway: {}", raw[:100])
                continue
            op = data.get("op")
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class DiscordChannel(BaseChannel):
                try:
                    await self._ws.send(json.dumps(payload))
                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.warning(f"Discord heartbeat failed: {e}")
+                    logger.warning("Discord heartbeat failed: {}", e)
                    break
                await asyncio.sleep(interval_s)
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class DiscordChannel(BaseChannel):
                media_paths.append(str(file_path))
                content_parts.append(f"[attachment: {file_path}]")
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Failed to download Discord attachment: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Failed to download Discord attachment: {}", e)
                content_parts.append(f"[attachment: {filename} - download failed]")
        reply_to = (payload.get("referenced_message") or {}).get("id")
--- a/nanobot/channels/email.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/email.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class EmailChannel(BaseChannel):
                        metadata=item.get("metadata", {}),
                    )
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Email polling error: {e}")
+                logger.error("Email polling error: {}", e)
            await asyncio.sleep(poll_seconds)
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class EmailChannel(BaseChannel):
        try:
            await asyncio.to_thread(self._smtp_send, email_msg)
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error sending email to {to_addr}: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error sending email to {}: {}", to_addr, e)
            raise
    def _validate_config(self) -> bool:
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class EmailChannel(BaseChannel):
            missing.append("smtp_password")
        if missing:
-            logger.error(f"Email channel not configured, missing: {', '.join(missing)}")
+            logger.error("Email channel not configured, missing: {}", ', '.join(missing))
            return False
        return True
--- a/nanobot/channels/feishu.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/feishu.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import json
 import os
 import re
 import threading
 from collections import OrderedDict
@@ -17,6 +18,10 @@ from nanobot.config.schema import FeishuConfig
 try:
    import lark_oapi as lark
    from lark_oapi.api.im.v1 import (
        CreateFileRequest,
        CreateFileRequestBody,
        CreateImageRequest,
        CreateImageRequestBody,
        CreateMessageRequest,
        CreateMessageRequestBody,
        CreateMessageReactionRequest,
@@ -151,7 +156,7 @@ class FeishuChannel(BaseChannel):
                try:
                    self._ws_client.start()
                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.warning(f"Feishu WebSocket error: {e}")
+                    logger.warning("Feishu WebSocket error: {}", e)
                if self._running:
                    import time; time.sleep(5)
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ class FeishuChannel(BaseChannel):
            try:
                self._ws_client.stop()
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Error stopping WebSocket client: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Error stopping WebSocket client: {}", e)
        logger.info("Feishu bot stopped")
    def _add_reaction_sync(self, message_id: str, emoji_type: str) -> None:
@@ -189,11 +194,11 @@ class FeishuChannel(BaseChannel):
            response = self._client.im.v1.message_reaction.create(request)
            if not response.success():
-                logger.warning(f"Failed to add reaction: code={response.code}, msg={response.msg}")
+                logger.warning("Failed to add reaction: code={}, msg={}", response.code, response.msg)
            else:
-                logger.debug(f"Added {emoji_type} reaction to message {message_id}")
+                logger.debug("Added {} reaction to message {}", emoji_type, message_id)
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Error adding reaction: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Error adding reaction: {}", e)
    async def _add_reaction(self, message_id: str, emoji_type: str = "THUMBSUP") -> None:
        """
@@ -263,7 +268,6 @@ class FeishuChannel(BaseChannel):
            before = protected[last_end:m.start()].strip()
            if before:
                elements.append({"tag": "markdown", "content": before})
            level = len(m.group(1))
            text = m.group(2).strip()
            elements.append({
                "tag": "div",
@@ -284,50 +288,128 @@ class FeishuChannel(BaseChannel):
        return elements or [{"tag": "markdown", "content": content}]
    _IMAGE_EXTS = {".png", ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".gif", ".bmp", ".webp", ".ico", ".tiff", ".tif"}
    _AUDIO_EXTS = {".opus"}
    _FILE_TYPE_MAP = {
        ".opus": "opus", ".mp4": "mp4", ".pdf": "pdf", ".doc": "doc", ".docx": "doc",
        ".xls": "xls", ".xlsx": "xls", ".ppt": "ppt", ".pptx": "ppt",
    }
    def _upload_image_sync(self, file_path: str) -> str | None:
        """Upload an image to Feishu and return the image_key."""
        try:
            with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
                request = CreateImageRequest.builder() \
                    .request_body(
                        CreateImageRequestBody.builder()
                        .image_type("message")
                        .image(f)
                        .build()
                    ).build()
                response = self._client.im.v1.image.create(request)
                if response.success():
                    image_key = response.data.image_key
                    logger.debug("Uploaded image {}: {}", os.path.basename(file_path), image_key)
                    return image_key
                else:
                    logger.error("Failed to upload image: code={}, msg={}", response.code, response.msg)
                    return None
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error("Error uploading image {}: {}", file_path, e)
            return None
    def _upload_file_sync(self, file_path: str) -> str | None:
        """Upload a file to Feishu and return the file_key."""
        ext = os.path.splitext(file_path)[1].lower()
        file_type = self._FILE_TYPE_MAP.get(ext, "stream")
        file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
        try:
            with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
                request = CreateFileRequest.builder() \
                    .request_body(
                        CreateFileRequestBody.builder()
                        .file_type(file_type)
                        .file_name(file_name)
                        .file(f)
                        .build()
                    ).build()
                response = self._client.im.v1.file.create(request)
                if response.success():
                    file_key = response.data.file_key
                    logger.debug("Uploaded file {}: {}", file_name, file_key)
                    return file_key
                else:
                    logger.error("Failed to upload file: code={}, msg={}", response.code, response.msg)
                    return None
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error("Error uploading file {}: {}", file_path, e)
            return None
    def _send_message_sync(self, receive_id_type: str, receive_id: str, msg_type: str, content: str) -> bool:
        """Send a single message (text/image/file/interactive) synchronously."""
        try:
            request = CreateMessageRequest.builder() \
                .receive_id_type(receive_id_type) \
                .request_body(
                    CreateMessageRequestBody.builder()
                    .receive_id(receive_id)
                    .msg_type(msg_type)
                    .content(content)
                    .build()
                ).build()
            response = self._client.im.v1.message.create(request)
            if not response.success():
                logger.error(
                    "Failed to send Feishu {} message: code={}, msg={}, log_id={}",
                    msg_type, response.code, response.msg, response.get_log_id()
                )
                return False
            logger.debug("Feishu {} message sent to {}", msg_type, receive_id)
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error("Error sending Feishu {} message: {}", msg_type, e)
            return False
    async def send(self, msg: OutboundMessage) -> None:
-        """Send a message through Feishu."""
+        """Send a message through Feishu, including media (images/files) if present."""
        if not self._client:
            logger.warning("Feishu client not initialized")
            return
        try:
-            # Determine receive_id_type based on chat_id format
+            receive_id_type = "chat_id" if msg.chat_id.startswith("oc_") else "open_id"
-            # open_id starts with "ou_", chat_id starts with "oc_"
+            loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
            if msg.chat_id.startswith("oc_"):
                receive_id_type = "chat_id"
            else:
                receive_id_type = "open_id"
-            # Build card with markdown + table support
+            for file_path in msg.media:
-            elements = self._build_card_elements(msg.content)
+                if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
-            card = {
+                    logger.warning("Media file not found: {}", file_path)
-                "config": {"wide_screen_mode": True},
+                    continue
-                "elements": elements,
+                ext = os.path.splitext(file_path)[1].lower()
-            }
+                if ext in self._IMAGE_EXTS:
-            content = json.dumps(card, ensure_ascii=False)
+                    key = await loop.run_in_executor(None, self._upload_image_sync, file_path)
                    if key:
                        await loop.run_in_executor(
                            None, self._send_message_sync,
                            receive_id_type, msg.chat_id, "image", json.dumps({"image_key": key}, ensure_ascii=False),
                        )
                else:
                    key = await loop.run_in_executor(None, self._upload_file_sync, file_path)
                    if key:
                        media_type = "audio" if ext in self._AUDIO_EXTS else "file"
                        await loop.run_in_executor(
                            None, self._send_message_sync,
                            receive_id_type, msg.chat_id, media_type, json.dumps({"file_key": key}, ensure_ascii=False),
                        )
-            request = CreateMessageRequest.builder() \
+            if msg.content and msg.content.strip():
-                .receive_id_type(receive_id_type) \
+                card = {"config": {"wide_screen_mode": True}, "elements": self._build_card_elements(msg.content)}
-                .request_body(
+                await loop.run_in_executor(
-                    CreateMessageRequestBody.builder()
+                    None, self._send_message_sync,
-                    .receive_id(msg.chat_id)
+                    receive_id_type, msg.chat_id, "interactive", json.dumps(card, ensure_ascii=False),
                    .msg_type("interactive")
                    .content(content)
                    .build()
                ).build()
            response = self._client.im.v1.message.create(request)
            if not response.success():
                logger.error(
                    f"Failed to send Feishu message: code={response.code}, "
                    f"msg={response.msg}, log_id={response.get_log_id()}"
                )
            else:
                logger.debug(f"Feishu message sent to {msg.chat_id}")
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error sending Feishu message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error sending Feishu message: {}", e)
    def _on_message_sync(self, data: "P2ImMessageReceiveV1") -> None:
        """
@@ -399,4 +481,4 @@ class FeishuChannel(BaseChannel):
            )
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error processing Feishu message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error processing Feishu message: {}", e)
--- a/nanobot/channels/manager.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/manager.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("Telegram channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Telegram channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Telegram channel not available: {}", e)
        # WhatsApp channel
        if self.config.channels.whatsapp.enabled:
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("WhatsApp channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"WhatsApp channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("WhatsApp channel not available: {}", e)
        # Discord channel
        if self.config.channels.discord.enabled:
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("Discord channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Discord channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Discord channel not available: {}", e)
        # Feishu channel
        if self.config.channels.feishu.enabled:
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("Feishu channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Feishu channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Feishu channel not available: {}", e)
        # Mochat channel
        if self.config.channels.mochat.enabled:
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("Mochat channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Mochat channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Mochat channel not available: {}", e)
        # DingTalk channel
        if self.config.channels.dingtalk.enabled:
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("DingTalk channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"DingTalk channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("DingTalk channel not available: {}", e)
        # Email channel
        if self.config.channels.email.enabled:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("Email channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Email channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Email channel not available: {}", e)
        # Slack channel
        if self.config.channels.slack.enabled:
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("Slack channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Slack channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Slack channel not available: {}", e)
        # QQ channel
        if self.config.channels.qq.enabled:
@@ -135,14 +135,14 @@ class ChannelManager:
                )
                logger.info("QQ channel enabled")
            except ImportError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"QQ channel not available: {e}")
+                logger.warning("QQ channel not available: {}", e)
    async def _start_channel(self, name: str, channel: BaseChannel) -> None:
        """Start a channel and log any exceptions."""
        try:
            await channel.start()
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Failed to start channel {name}: {e}")
+            logger.error("Failed to start channel {}: {}", name, e)
    async def start_all(self) -> None:
        """Start all channels and the outbound dispatcher."""
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
        # Start channels
        tasks = []
        for name, channel in self.channels.items():
-            logger.info(f"Starting {name} channel...")
+            logger.info("Starting {} channel...", name)
            tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(self._start_channel(name, channel)))
        # Wait for all to complete (they should run forever)
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
        for name, channel in self.channels.items():
            try:
                await channel.stop()
-                logger.info(f"Stopped {name} channel")
+                logger.info("Stopped {} channel", name)
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Error stopping {name}: {e}")
+                logger.error("Error stopping {}: {}", name, e)
    async def _dispatch_outbound(self) -> None:
        """Dispatch outbound messages to the appropriate channel."""
@@ -198,9 +198,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
                    try:
                        await channel.send(msg)
                    except Exception as e:
-                        logger.error(f"Error sending to {msg.channel}: {e}")
+                        logger.error("Error sending to {}: {}", msg.channel, e)
                else:
-                    logger.warning(f"Unknown channel: {msg.channel}")
+                    logger.warning("Unknown channel: {}", msg.channel)
            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                continue
--- a/nanobot/channels/mochat.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/mochat.py
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
                await self._api_send("/api/claw/sessions/send", "sessionId", target.id,
                                     content, msg.reply_to)
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Failed to send Mochat message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Failed to send Mochat message: {}", e)
    # ---- config / init helpers ---------------------------------------------
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
        @client.event
        async def connect_error(data: Any) -> None:
-            logger.error(f"Mochat websocket connect error: {data}")
+            logger.error("Mochat websocket connect error: {}", data)
        @client.on("claw.session.events")
        async def on_session_events(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
            )
            return True
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Failed to connect Mochat websocket: {e}")
+            logger.error("Failed to connect Mochat websocket: {}", e)
            try:
                await client.disconnect()
            except Exception:
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
            "limit": self.config.watch_limit,
        })
        if not ack.get("result"):
-            logger.error(f"Mochat subscribeSessions failed: {ack.get('message', 'unknown error')}")
+            logger.error("Mochat subscribeSessions failed: {}", ack.get('message', 'unknown error'))
            return False
        data = ack.get("data")
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
            return True
        ack = await self._socket_call("com.claw.im.subscribePanels", {"panelIds": panel_ids})
        if not ack.get("result"):
-            logger.error(f"Mochat subscribePanels failed: {ack.get('message', 'unknown error')}")
+            logger.error("Mochat subscribePanels failed: {}", ack.get('message', 'unknown error'))
            return False
        return True
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
            try:
                await self._refresh_targets(subscribe_new=self._ws_ready)
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Mochat refresh failed: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Mochat refresh failed: {}", e)
            if self._fallback_mode:
                await self._ensure_fallback_workers()
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
        try:
            response = await self._post_json("/api/claw/sessions/list", {})
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Mochat listSessions failed: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Mochat listSessions failed: {}", e)
            return
        sessions = response.get("sessions")
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
        try:
            response = await self._post_json("/api/claw/groups/get", {})
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Mochat getWorkspaceGroup failed: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Mochat getWorkspaceGroup failed: {}", e)
            return
        raw_panels = response.get("panels")
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                break
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Mochat watch fallback error ({session_id}): {e}")
+                logger.warning("Mochat watch fallback error ({}): {}", session_id, e)
                await asyncio.sleep(max(0.1, self.config.retry_delay_ms / 1000.0))
    async def _panel_poll_worker(self, panel_id: str) -> None:
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                break
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Mochat panel polling error ({panel_id}): {e}")
+                logger.warning("Mochat panel polling error ({}): {}", panel_id, e)
            await asyncio.sleep(sleep_s)
    # ---- inbound event processing ------------------------------------------
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
        try:
            data = json.loads(self._cursor_path.read_text("utf-8"))
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Failed to read Mochat cursor file: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Failed to read Mochat cursor file: {}", e)
            return
        cursors = data.get("cursors") if isinstance(data, dict) else None
        if isinstance(cursors, dict):
@@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ class MochatChannel(BaseChannel):
                "cursors": self._session_cursor,
            }, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) + "\n", "utf-8")
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Failed to save Mochat cursor file: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Failed to save Mochat cursor file: {}", e)
    # ---- HTTP helpers ------------------------------------------------------
--- a/nanobot/channels/qq.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/qq.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def _make_bot_class(channel: "QQChannel") -> "type[botpy.Client]":
            super().__init__(intents=intents)
        async def on_ready(self):
-            logger.info(f"QQ bot ready: {self.robot.name}")
+            logger.info("QQ bot ready: {}", self.robot.name)
        async def on_c2c_message_create(self, message: "C2CMessage"):
            await channel._on_message(message)
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class QQChannel(BaseChannel):
            try:
                await self._client.start(appid=self.config.app_id, secret=self.config.secret)
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"QQ bot error: {e}")
+                logger.warning("QQ bot error: {}", e)
            if self._running:
                logger.info("Reconnecting QQ bot in 5 seconds...")
                await asyncio.sleep(5)
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class QQChannel(BaseChannel):
                content=msg.content,
            )
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error sending QQ message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error sending QQ message: {}", e)
    async def _on_message(self, data: "C2CMessage") -> None:
        """Handle incoming message from QQ."""
@@ -131,4 +131,4 @@ class QQChannel(BaseChannel):
                metadata={"message_id": data.id},
            )
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error handling QQ message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error handling QQ message: {}", e)
--- a/nanobot/channels/slack.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/slack.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class SlackChannel(BaseChannel):
            logger.error("Slack bot/app token not configured")
            return
        if self.config.mode != "socket":
-            logger.error(f"Unsupported Slack mode: {self.config.mode}")
+            logger.error("Unsupported Slack mode: {}", self.config.mode)
            return
        self._running = True
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ class SlackChannel(BaseChannel):
        try:
            auth = await self._web_client.auth_test()
            self._bot_user_id = auth.get("user_id")
-            logger.info(f"Slack bot connected as {self._bot_user_id}")
+            logger.info("Slack bot connected as {}", self._bot_user_id)
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Slack auth_test failed: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Slack auth_test failed: {}", e)
        logger.info("Starting Slack Socket Mode client...")
        await self._socket_client.connect()
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class SlackChannel(BaseChannel):
            try:
                await self._socket_client.close()
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Slack socket close failed: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Slack socket close failed: {}", e)
            self._socket_client = None
    async def send(self, msg: OutboundMessage) -> None:
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class SlackChannel(BaseChannel):
                thread_ts=thread_ts if use_thread else None,
            )
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error sending Slack message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error sending Slack message: {}", e)
    async def _on_socket_request(
        self,
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class SlackChannel(BaseChannel):
                    timestamp=event.get("ts"),
                )
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.debug(f"Slack reactions_add failed: {e}")
+            logger.debug("Slack reactions_add failed: {}", e)
        await self._handle_message(
            sender_id=sender_id,
--- a/nanobot/channels/telegram.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/telegram.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
        # Add command handlers
        self._app.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", self._on_start))
        self._app.add_handler(CommandHandler("new", self._forward_command))
-        self._app.add_handler(CommandHandler("help", self._forward_command))
+        self._app.add_handler(CommandHandler("help", self._on_help))
        # Add message handler for text, photos, voice, documents
        self._app.add_handler(
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
        # Get bot info and register command menu
        bot_info = await self._app.bot.get_me()
-        logger.info(f"Telegram bot @{bot_info.username} connected")
+        logger.info("Telegram bot @{} connected", bot_info.username)
        try:
            await self._app.bot.set_my_commands(self.BOT_COMMANDS)
            logger.debug("Telegram bot commands registered")
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Failed to register bot commands: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Failed to register bot commands: {}", e)
        # Start polling (this runs until stopped)
        await self._app.updater.start_polling(
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
        try:
            chat_id = int(msg.chat_id)
        except ValueError:
-            logger.error(f"Invalid chat_id: {msg.chat_id}")
+            logger.error("Invalid chat_id: {}", msg.chat_id)
            return
        # Send media files
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
                    await sender(chat_id=chat_id, **{param: f})
            except Exception as e:
                filename = media_path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
-                logger.error(f"Failed to send media {media_path}: {e}")
+                logger.error("Failed to send media {}: {}", media_path, e)
                await self._app.bot.send_message(chat_id=chat_id, text=f"[Failed to send: {filename}]")
        # Send text content
@@ -248,11 +248,11 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
                    html = _markdown_to_telegram_html(chunk)
                    await self._app.bot.send_message(chat_id=chat_id, text=html, parse_mode="HTML")
                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.warning(f"HTML parse failed, falling back to plain text: {e}")
+                    logger.warning("HTML parse failed, falling back to plain text: {}", e)
                    try:
                        await self._app.bot.send_message(chat_id=chat_id, text=chunk)
                    except Exception as e2:
-                        logger.error(f"Error sending Telegram message: {e2}")
+                        logger.error("Error sending Telegram message: {}", e2)
    async def _on_start(self, update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
        """Handle /start command."""
@@ -266,6 +266,16 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
            "Type /help to see available commands."
        )
    async def _on_help(self, update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
        """Handle /help command, bypassing ACL so all users can access it."""
        if not update.message:
            return
        await update.message.reply_text(
            "🐈 nanobot commands:\n"
            "/new — Start a new conversation\n"
            "/help — Show available commands"
        )
    @staticmethod
    def _sender_id(user) -> str:
        """Build sender_id with username for allowlist matching."""
@@ -344,21 +354,21 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
                    transcriber = GroqTranscriptionProvider(api_key=self.groq_api_key)
                    transcription = await transcriber.transcribe(file_path)
                    if transcription:
-                        logger.info(f"Transcribed {media_type}: {transcription[:50]}...")
+                        logger.info("Transcribed {}: {}...", media_type, transcription[:50])
                        content_parts.append(f"[transcription: {transcription}]")
                    else:
                        content_parts.append(f"[{media_type}: {file_path}]")
                else:
                    content_parts.append(f"[{media_type}: {file_path}]")
-                logger.debug(f"Downloaded {media_type} to {file_path}")
+                logger.debug("Downloaded {} to {}", media_type, file_path)
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Failed to download media: {e}")
+                logger.error("Failed to download media: {}", e)
                content_parts.append(f"[{media_type}: download failed]")
        content = "\n".join(content_parts) if content_parts else "[empty message]"
-        logger.debug(f"Telegram message from {sender_id}: {content[:50]}...")
+        logger.debug("Telegram message from {}: {}...", sender_id, content[:50])
        str_chat_id = str(chat_id)
@@ -401,11 +411,11 @@ class TelegramChannel(BaseChannel):
        except asyncio.CancelledError:
            pass
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.debug(f"Typing indicator stopped for {chat_id}: {e}")
+            logger.debug("Typing indicator stopped for {}: {}", chat_id, e)
    async def _on_error(self, update: object, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
        """Log polling / handler errors instead of silently swallowing them."""
-        logger.error(f"Telegram error: {context.error}")
+        logger.error("Telegram error: {}", context.error)
    def _get_extension(self, media_type: str, mime_type: str | None) -> str:
        """Get file extension based on media type."""
--- a/nanobot/channels/whatsapp.py
+++ b/nanobot/channels/whatsapp.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class WhatsAppChannel(BaseChannel):
        bridge_url = self.config.bridge_url
-        logger.info(f"Connecting to WhatsApp bridge at {bridge_url}...")
+        logger.info("Connecting to WhatsApp bridge at {}...", bridge_url)
        self._running = True
@@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ class WhatsAppChannel(BaseChannel):
                        try:
                            await self._handle_bridge_message(message)
                        except Exception as e:
-                            logger.error(f"Error handling bridge message: {e}")
+                            logger.error("Error handling bridge message: {}", e)
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                break
            except Exception as e:
                self._connected = False
                self._ws = None
-                logger.warning(f"WhatsApp bridge connection error: {e}")
+                logger.warning("WhatsApp bridge connection error: {}", e)
                if self._running:
                    logger.info("Reconnecting in 5 seconds...")
@@ -87,16 +87,16 @@ class WhatsAppChannel(BaseChannel):
                "to": msg.chat_id,
                "text": msg.content
            }
-            await self._ws.send(json.dumps(payload))
+            await self._ws.send(json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False))
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error sending WhatsApp message: {e}")
+            logger.error("Error sending WhatsApp message: {}", e)
    async def _handle_bridge_message(self, raw: str) -> None:
        """Handle a message from the bridge."""
        try:
            data = json.loads(raw)
        except json.JSONDecodeError:
-            logger.warning(f"Invalid JSON from bridge: {raw[:100]}")
+            logger.warning("Invalid JSON from bridge: {}", raw[:100])
            return
        msg_type = data.get("type")
@@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ class WhatsAppChannel(BaseChannel):
            # Extract just the phone number or lid as chat_id
            user_id = pn if pn else sender
            sender_id = user_id.split("@")[0] if "@" in user_id else user_id
-            logger.info(f"Sender {sender}")
+            logger.info("Sender {}", sender)
            # Handle voice transcription if it's a voice message
            if content == "[Voice Message]":
-                logger.info(f"Voice message received from {sender_id}, but direct download from bridge is not yet supported.")
+                logger.info("Voice message received from {}, but direct download from bridge is not yet supported.", sender_id)
                content = "[Voice Message: Transcription not available for WhatsApp yet]"
            await self._handle_message(
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class WhatsAppChannel(BaseChannel):
        elif msg_type == "status":
            # Connection status update
            status = data.get("status")
-            logger.info(f"WhatsApp status: {status}")
+            logger.info("WhatsApp status: {}", status)
            if status == "connected":
                self._connected = True
@@ -145,4 +145,4 @@ class WhatsAppChannel(BaseChannel):
            logger.info("Scan QR code in the bridge terminal to connect WhatsApp")
        elif msg_type == "error":
-            logger.error(f"WhatsApp bridge error: {data.get('error')}")
+            logger.error("WhatsApp bridge error: {}", data.get('error'))
--- a/nanobot/cli/commands.py
+++ b/nanobot/cli/commands.py
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Information about the user goes here.
    for filename, content in templates.items():
        file_path = workspace / filename
        if not file_path.exists():
-            file_path.write_text(content)
+            file_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
            console.print(f"  [dim]Created {filename}[/dim]")
    # Create memory directory and MEMORY.md
@@ -266,12 +266,12 @@ This file stores important information that should persist across sessions.
 ## Important Notes
 (Things to remember)
-""")
+""", encoding="utf-8")
        console.print("  [dim]Created memory/MEMORY.md[/dim]")
    history_file = memory_dir / "HISTORY.md"
    if not history_file.exists():
-        history_file.write_text("")
+        history_file.write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
        console.print("  [dim]Created memory/HISTORY.md[/dim]")
    # Create skills directory for custom user skills
@@ -805,14 +805,18 @@ def cron_add(
    store_path = get_data_dir() / "cron" / "jobs.json"
    service = CronService(store_path)
-    job = service.add_job(
+    try:
-        name=name,
+        job = service.add_job(
-        schedule=schedule,
+            name=name,
-        message=message,
+            schedule=schedule,
-        deliver=deliver,
+            message=message,
-        to=to,
+            deliver=deliver,
-        channel=channel,
+            to=to,
-    )
+            channel=channel,
        )
    except ValueError as e:
        console.print(f"[red]Error: {e}[/red]")
        raise typer.Exit(1) from e
    console.print(f"[green]✓[/green] Added job '{job.name}' ({job.id})")
--- a/nanobot/config/loader.py
+++ b/nanobot/config/loader.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def load_config(config_path: Path | None = None) -> Config:
    if path.exists():
        try:
-            with open(path) as f:
+            with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                data = json.load(f)
            data = _migrate_config(data)
            return Config.model_validate(data)
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ def save_config(config: Config, config_path: Path | None = None) -> None:
    data = config.model_dump(by_alias=True)
-    with open(path, "w") as f:
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        json.dump(data, f, indent=2)
+        json.dump(data, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
 def _migrate_config(data: dict) -> dict:
--- a/nanobot/config/schema.py
+++ b/nanobot/config/schema.py
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ class ProvidersConfig(Base):
    minimax: ProviderConfig = Field(default_factory=ProviderConfig)
    aihubmix: ProviderConfig = Field(default_factory=ProviderConfig)  # AiHubMix API gateway
    siliconflow: ProviderConfig = Field(default_factory=ProviderConfig)  # SiliconFlow (硅基流动) API gateway
    volcengine: ProviderConfig = Field(default_factory=ProviderConfig)  # VolcEngine (火山引擎) API gateway
    openai_codex: ProviderConfig = Field(default_factory=ProviderConfig)  # OpenAI Codex (OAuth)
    github_copilot: ProviderConfig = Field(default_factory=ProviderConfig)  # Github Copilot (OAuth)
@@ -288,11 +289,25 @@ class Config(BaseSettings):
        from nanobot.providers.registry import PROVIDERS
        model_lower = (model or self.agents.defaults.model).lower()
        model_normalized = model_lower.replace("-", "_")
        model_prefix = model_lower.split("/", 1)[0] if "/" in model_lower else ""
        normalized_prefix = model_prefix.replace("-", "_")
        def _kw_matches(kw: str) -> bool:
            kw = kw.lower()
            return kw in model_lower or kw.replace("-", "_") in model_normalized
        # Explicit provider prefix wins — prevents `github-copilot/...codex` matching openai_codex.
        for spec in PROVIDERS:
            p = getattr(self.providers, spec.name, None)
            if p and model_prefix and normalized_prefix == spec.name:
                if spec.is_oauth or p.api_key:
                    return p, spec.name
        # Match by keyword (order follows PROVIDERS registry)
        for spec in PROVIDERS:
            p = getattr(self.providers, spec.name, None)
-            if p and any(kw in model_lower for kw in spec.keywords):
+            if p and any(_kw_matches(kw) for kw in spec.keywords):
                if spec.is_oauth or p.api_key:
                    return p, spec.name
--- a/nanobot/cron/service.py
+++ b/nanobot/cron/service.py
@@ -45,6 +45,20 @@ def _compute_next_run(schedule: CronSchedule, now_ms: int) -> int | None:
    return None
 def _validate_schedule_for_add(schedule: CronSchedule) -> None:
    """Validate schedule fields that would otherwise create non-runnable jobs."""
    if schedule.tz and schedule.kind != "cron":
        raise ValueError("tz can only be used with cron schedules")
    if schedule.kind == "cron" and schedule.tz:
        try:
            from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
            ZoneInfo(schedule.tz)
        except Exception:
            raise ValueError(f"unknown timezone '{schedule.tz}'") from None
 class CronService:
    """Service for managing and executing scheduled jobs."""
@@ -66,7 +80,7 @@ class CronService:
        if self.store_path.exists():
            try:
-                data = json.loads(self.store_path.read_text())
+                data = json.loads(self.store_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
                jobs = []
                for j in data.get("jobs", []):
                    jobs.append(CronJob(
@@ -99,7 +113,7 @@ class CronService:
                    ))
                self._store = CronStore(jobs=jobs)
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"Failed to load cron store: {e}")
+                logger.warning("Failed to load cron store: {}", e)
                self._store = CronStore()
        else:
            self._store = CronStore()
@@ -148,7 +162,7 @@ class CronService:
            ]
        }
-        self.store_path.write_text(json.dumps(data, indent=2))
+        self.store_path.write_text(json.dumps(data, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False), encoding="utf-8")
    async def start(self) -> None:
        """Start the cron service."""
@@ -157,7 +171,7 @@ class CronService:
        self._recompute_next_runs()
        self._save_store()
        self._arm_timer()
-        logger.info(f"Cron service started with {len(self._store.jobs if self._store else [])} jobs")
+        logger.info("Cron service started with {} jobs", len(self._store.jobs if self._store else []))
    def stop(self) -> None:
        """Stop the cron service."""
@@ -222,7 +236,7 @@ class CronService:
    async def _execute_job(self, job: CronJob) -> None:
        """Execute a single job."""
        start_ms = _now_ms()
-        logger.info(f"Cron: executing job '{job.name}' ({job.id})")
+        logger.info("Cron: executing job '{}' ({})", job.name, job.id)
        try:
            response = None
@@ -231,12 +245,12 @@ class CronService:
            job.state.last_status = "ok"
            job.state.last_error = None
-            logger.info(f"Cron: job '{job.name}' completed")
+            logger.info("Cron: job '{}' completed", job.name)
        except Exception as e:
            job.state.last_status = "error"
            job.state.last_error = str(e)
-            logger.error(f"Cron: job '{job.name}' failed: {e}")
+            logger.error("Cron: job '{}' failed: {}", job.name, e)
        job.state.last_run_at_ms = start_ms
        job.updated_at_ms = _now_ms()
@@ -272,6 +286,7 @@ class CronService:
    ) -> CronJob:
        """Add a new job."""
        store = self._load_store()
        _validate_schedule_for_add(schedule)
        now = _now_ms()
        job = CronJob(
@@ -296,7 +311,7 @@ class CronService:
        self._save_store()
        self._arm_timer()
-        logger.info(f"Cron: added job '{name}' ({job.id})")
+        logger.info("Cron: added job '{}' ({})", name, job.id)
        return job
    def remove_job(self, job_id: str) -> bool:
@@ -309,7 +324,7 @@ class CronService:
        if removed:
            self._save_store()
            self._arm_timer()
-            logger.info(f"Cron: removed job {job_id}")
+            logger.info("Cron: removed job {}", job_id)
        return removed
--- a/nanobot/heartbeat/service.py
+++ b/nanobot/heartbeat/service.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class HeartbeatService:
        """Read HEARTBEAT.md content."""
        if self.heartbeat_file.exists():
            try:
-                return self.heartbeat_file.read_text()
+                return self.heartbeat_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
            except Exception:
                return None
        return None
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class HeartbeatService:
        self._running = True
        self._task = asyncio.create_task(self._run_loop())
-        logger.info(f"Heartbeat started (every {self.interval_s}s)")
+        logger.info("Heartbeat started (every {}s)", self.interval_s)
    def stop(self) -> None:
        """Stop the heartbeat service."""
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class HeartbeatService:
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                break
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Heartbeat error: {e}")
+                logger.error("Heartbeat error: {}", e)
    async def _tick(self) -> None:
        """Execute a single heartbeat tick."""
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ class HeartbeatService:
                if HEARTBEAT_OK_TOKEN.replace("_", "") in response.upper().replace("_", ""):
                    logger.info("Heartbeat: OK (no action needed)")
                else:
-                    logger.info(f"Heartbeat: completed task")
+                    logger.info("Heartbeat: completed task")
            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Heartbeat execution failed: {e}")
+                logger.error("Heartbeat execution failed: {}", e)
    async def trigger_now(self) -> str | None:
        """Manually trigger a heartbeat."""
--- a/nanobot/providers/litellm_provider.py
+++ b/nanobot/providers/litellm_provider.py
@@ -88,11 +88,55 @@ class LiteLLMProvider(LLMProvider):
        # Standard mode: auto-prefix for known providers
        spec = find_by_model(model)
        if spec and spec.litellm_prefix:
            model = self._canonicalize_explicit_prefix(model, spec.name, spec.litellm_prefix)
            if not any(model.startswith(s) for s in spec.skip_prefixes):
                model = f"{spec.litellm_prefix}/{model}"
        return model
    @staticmethod
    def _canonicalize_explicit_prefix(model: str, spec_name: str, canonical_prefix: str) -> str:
        """Normalize explicit provider prefixes like `github-copilot/...`."""
        if "/" not in model:
            return model
        prefix, remainder = model.split("/", 1)
        if prefix.lower().replace("-", "_") != spec_name:
            return model
        return f"{canonical_prefix}/{remainder}"
    def _supports_cache_control(self, model: str) -> bool:
        """Return True when the provider supports cache_control on content blocks."""
        if self._gateway is not None:
            return False
        spec = find_by_model(model)
        return spec is not None and spec.supports_prompt_caching
    def _apply_cache_control(
        self,
        messages: list[dict[str, Any]],
        tools: list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
    ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]] | None]:
        """Return copies of messages and tools with cache_control injected."""
        new_messages = []
        for msg in messages:
            if msg.get("role") == "system":
                content = msg["content"]
                if isinstance(content, str):
                    new_content = [{"type": "text", "text": content, "cache_control": {"type": "ephemeral"}}]
                else:
                    new_content = list(content)
                    new_content[-1] = {**new_content[-1], "cache_control": {"type": "ephemeral"}}
                new_messages.append({**msg, "content": new_content})
            else:
                new_messages.append(msg)
        new_tools = tools
        if tools:
            new_tools = list(tools)
            new_tools[-1] = {**new_tools[-1], "cache_control": {"type": "ephemeral"}}
        return new_messages, new_tools
    def _apply_model_overrides(self, model: str, kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        """Apply model-specific parameter overrides from the registry."""
        model_lower = model.lower()
@@ -124,7 +168,11 @@ class LiteLLMProvider(LLMProvider):
        Returns:
            LLMResponse with content and/or tool calls.
        """
-        model = self._resolve_model(model or self.default_model)
+        original_model = model or self.default_model
        model = self._resolve_model(original_model)
        if self._supports_cache_control(original_model):
            messages, tools = self._apply_cache_control(messages, tools)
        # Clamp max_tokens to at least 1 — negative or zero values cause
        # LiteLLM to reject the request with "max_tokens must be at least 1".
--- a/nanobot/providers/openai_codex_provider.py
+++ b/nanobot/providers/openai_codex_provider.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class OpenAICodexProvider(LLMProvider):
 def _strip_model_prefix(model: str) -> str:
-    if model.startswith("openai-codex/"):
+    if model.startswith("openai-codex/") or model.startswith("openai_codex/"):
        return model.split("/", 1)[1]
    return model
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def _convert_messages(messages: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> tuple[str, list[dict[st
        if role == "tool":
            call_id, _ = _split_tool_call_id(msg.get("tool_call_id"))
-            output_text = content if isinstance(content, str) else json.dumps(content)
+            output_text = content if isinstance(content, str) else json.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False)
            input_items.append(
                {
                    "type": "function_call_output",
--- a/nanobot/providers/registry.py
+++ b/nanobot/providers/registry.py
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ class ProviderSpec:
    # Direct providers bypass LiteLLM entirely (e.g., CustomProvider)
    is_direct: bool = False
    # Provider supports cache_control on content blocks (e.g. Anthropic prompt caching)
    supports_prompt_caching: bool = False
    @property
    def label(self) -> str:
        return self.display_name or self.name.title()
@@ -137,6 +140,24 @@ PROVIDERS: tuple[ProviderSpec, ...] = (
        model_overrides=(),
    ),
    # VolcEngine (火山引擎): OpenAI-compatible gateway
    ProviderSpec(
        name="volcengine",
        keywords=("volcengine", "volces", "ark"),
        env_key="OPENAI_API_KEY",
        display_name="VolcEngine",
        litellm_prefix="openai",
        skip_prefixes=(),
        env_extras=(),
        is_gateway=True,
        is_local=False,
        detect_by_key_prefix="",
        detect_by_base_keyword="volces",
        default_api_base="https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3",
        strip_model_prefix=False,
        model_overrides=(),
    ),
    # === Standard providers (matched by model-name keywords) ===============
    # Anthropic: LiteLLM recognizes "claude-*" natively, no prefix needed.
@@ -155,6 +176,7 @@ PROVIDERS: tuple[ProviderSpec, ...] = (
        default_api_base="",
        strip_model_prefix=False,
        model_overrides=(),
        supports_prompt_caching=True,
    ),
    # OpenAI: LiteLLM recognizes "gpt-*" natively, no prefix needed.
@@ -384,10 +406,18 @@ def find_by_model(model: str) -> ProviderSpec | None:
    """Match a standard provider by model-name keyword (case-insensitive).
    Skips gateways/local — those are matched by api_key/api_base instead."""
    model_lower = model.lower()
-    for spec in PROVIDERS:
+    model_normalized = model_lower.replace("-", "_")
-        if spec.is_gateway or spec.is_local:
+    model_prefix = model_lower.split("/", 1)[0] if "/" in model_lower else ""
-            continue
+    normalized_prefix = model_prefix.replace("-", "_")
-        if any(kw in model_lower for kw in spec.keywords):
+    std_specs = [s for s in PROVIDERS if not s.is_gateway and not s.is_local]
    # Prefer explicit provider prefix — prevents `github-copilot/...codex` matching openai_codex.
    for spec in std_specs:
        if model_prefix and normalized_prefix == spec.name:
            return spec
    for spec in std_specs:
        if any(kw in model_lower or kw.replace("-", "_") in model_normalized for kw in spec.keywords):
            return spec
    return None
--- a/nanobot/providers/transcription.py
+++ b/nanobot/providers/transcription.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class GroqTranscriptionProvider:
        path = Path(file_path)
        if not path.exists():
-            logger.error(f"Audio file not found: {file_path}")
+            logger.error("Audio file not found: {}", file_path)
            return ""
        try:
@@ -61,5 +61,5 @@ class GroqTranscriptionProvider:
                    return data.get("text", "")
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Groq transcription error: {e}")
+            logger.error("Groq transcription error: {}", e)
            return ""
--- a/nanobot/session/manager.py
+++ b/nanobot/session/manager.py
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class SessionManager:
            if legacy_path.exists():
                import shutil
                shutil.move(str(legacy_path), str(path))
-                logger.info(f"Migrated session {key} from legacy path")
+                logger.info("Migrated session {} from legacy path", key)
        if not path.exists():
            return None
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class SessionManager:
            created_at = None
            last_consolidated = 0
-            with open(path) as f:
+            with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                for line in f:
                    line = line.strip()
                    if not line:
@@ -144,14 +144,14 @@ class SessionManager:
                last_consolidated=last_consolidated
            )
        except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"Failed to load session {key}: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Failed to load session {}: {}", key, e)
            return None
    def save(self, session: Session) -> None:
        """Save a session to disk."""
        path = self._get_session_path(session.key)
-        with open(path, "w") as f:
+        with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            metadata_line = {
                "_type": "metadata",
                "created_at": session.created_at.isoformat(),
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ class SessionManager:
                "metadata": session.metadata,
                "last_consolidated": session.last_consolidated
            }
-            f.write(json.dumps(metadata_line) + "\n")
+            f.write(json.dumps(metadata_line, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
            for msg in session.messages:
-                f.write(json.dumps(msg) + "\n")
+                f.write(json.dumps(msg, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
        self._cache[session.key] = session
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class SessionManager:
        for path in self.sessions_dir.glob("*.jsonl"):
            try:
                # Read just the metadata line
-                with open(path) as f:
+                with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                    first_line = f.readline().strip()
                    if first_line:
                        data = json.loads(first_line)
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -17,37 +17,37 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    "typer>=0.9.0",
+    "typer>=0.20.0,<1.0.0",
-    "litellm>=1.0.0",
+    "litellm>=1.81.5,<2.0.0",
-    "pydantic>=2.0.0",
+    "pydantic>=2.12.0,<3.0.0",
-    "pydantic-settings>=2.0.0",
+    "pydantic-settings>=2.12.0,<3.0.0",
-    "websockets>=12.0",
+    "websockets>=16.0,<17.0",
-    "websocket-client>=1.6.0",
+    "websocket-client>=1.9.0,<2.0.0",
-    "httpx>=0.25.0",
+    "httpx>=0.28.0,<1.0.0",
-    "oauth-cli-kit>=0.1.1",
+    "oauth-cli-kit>=0.1.3,<1.0.0",
-    "loguru>=0.7.0",
+    "loguru>=0.7.3,<1.0.0",
-    "readability-lxml>=0.8.0",
+    "readability-lxml>=0.8.4,<1.0.0",
-    "rich>=13.0.0",
+    "rich>=14.0.0,<15.0.0",
-    "croniter>=2.0.0",
+    "croniter>=6.0.0,<7.0.0",
-    "dingtalk-stream>=0.4.0",
+    "dingtalk-stream>=0.24.0,<1.0.0",
-    "python-telegram-bot[socks]>=21.0",
+    "python-telegram-bot[socks]>=22.0,<23.0",
-    "lark-oapi>=1.0.0",
+    "lark-oapi>=1.5.0,<2.0.0",
-    "socksio>=1.0.0",
+    "socksio>=1.0.0,<2.0.0",
-    "python-socketio>=5.11.0",
+    "python-socketio>=5.16.0,<6.0.0",
-    "msgpack>=1.0.8",
+    "msgpack>=1.1.0,<2.0.0",
-    "slack-sdk>=3.26.0",
+    "slack-sdk>=3.39.0,<4.0.0",
-    "slackify-markdown>=0.2.0",
+    "slackify-markdown>=0.2.0,<1.0.0",
-    "qq-botpy>=1.0.0",
+    "qq-botpy>=1.2.0,<2.0.0",
-    "python-socks[asyncio]>=2.4.0",
+    "python-socks[asyncio]>=2.8.0,<3.0.0",
-    "prompt-toolkit>=3.0.0",
+    "prompt-toolkit>=3.0.50,<4.0.0",
-    "mcp>=1.0.0",
+    "mcp>=1.26.0,<2.0.0",
-    "json-repair>=0.30.0",
+    "json-repair>=0.57.0,<1.0.0",
 ]
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 dev = [
-    "pytest>=7.0.0",
+    "pytest>=9.0.0,<10.0.0",
-    "pytest-asyncio>=0.21.0",
+    "pytest-asyncio>=1.3.0,<2.0.0",
    "ruff>=0.1.0",
 ]
--- a/tests/test_commands.py
+++ b/tests/test_commands.py
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ import pytest
 from typer.testing import CliRunner
 from nanobot.cli.commands import app
 from nanobot.config.schema import Config
 from nanobot.providers.litellm_provider import LiteLLMProvider
 from nanobot.providers.openai_codex_provider import _strip_model_prefix
 from nanobot.providers.registry import find_by_model
 runner = CliRunner()
@@ -90,3 +94,37 @@ def test_onboard_existing_workspace_safe_create(mock_paths):
    assert "Created workspace" not in result.stdout
    assert "Created AGENTS.md" in result.stdout
    assert (workspace_dir / "AGENTS.md").exists()
 def test_config_matches_github_copilot_codex_with_hyphen_prefix():
    config = Config()
    config.agents.defaults.model = "github-copilot/gpt-5.3-codex"
    assert config.get_provider_name() == "github_copilot"
 def test_config_matches_openai_codex_with_hyphen_prefix():
    config = Config()
    config.agents.defaults.model = "openai-codex/gpt-5.1-codex"
    assert config.get_provider_name() == "openai_codex"
 def test_find_by_model_prefers_explicit_prefix_over_generic_codex_keyword():
    spec = find_by_model("github-copilot/gpt-5.3-codex")
    assert spec is not None
    assert spec.name == "github_copilot"
 def test_litellm_provider_canonicalizes_github_copilot_hyphen_prefix():
    provider = LiteLLMProvider(default_model="github-copilot/gpt-5.3-codex")
    resolved = provider._resolve_model("github-copilot/gpt-5.3-codex")
    assert resolved == "github_copilot/gpt-5.3-codex"
 def test_openai_codex_strip_prefix_supports_hyphen_and_underscore():
    assert _strip_model_prefix("openai-codex/gpt-5.1-codex") == "gpt-5.1-codex"
    assert _strip_model_prefix("openai_codex/gpt-5.1-codex") == "gpt-5.1-codex"
--- a/tests/test_cron_commands.py
+++ b/tests/test_cron_commands.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
 from typer.testing import CliRunner
 from nanobot.cli.commands import app
 runner = CliRunner()
 def test_cron_add_rejects_invalid_timezone(monkeypatch, tmp_path) -> None:
    monkeypatch.setattr("nanobot.config.loader.get_data_dir", lambda: tmp_path)
    result = runner.invoke(
        app,
        [
            "cron",
            "add",
            "--name",
            "demo",
            "--message",
            "hello",
            "--cron",
            "0 9 * * *",
            "--tz",
            "America/Vancovuer",
        ],
    )
    assert result.exit_code == 1
    assert "Error: unknown timezone 'America/Vancovuer'" in result.stdout
    assert not (tmp_path / "cron" / "jobs.json").exists()
--- a/tests/test_cron_service.py
+++ b/tests/test_cron_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 import pytest
 from nanobot.cron.service import CronService
 from nanobot.cron.types import CronSchedule
 def test_add_job_rejects_unknown_timezone(tmp_path) -> None:
    service = CronService(tmp_path / "cron" / "jobs.json")
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unknown timezone 'America/Vancovuer'"):
        service.add_job(
            name="tz typo",
            schedule=CronSchedule(kind="cron", expr="0 9 * * *", tz="America/Vancovuer"),
            message="hello",
        )
    assert service.list_jobs(include_disabled=True) == []
 def test_add_job_accepts_valid_timezone(tmp_path) -> None:
    service = CronService(tmp_path / "cron" / "jobs.json")
    job = service.add_job(
        name="tz ok",
        schedule=CronSchedule(kind="cron", expr="0 9 * * *", tz="America/Vancouver"),
        message="hello",
    )
    assert job.schedule.tz == "America/Vancouver"
    assert job.state.next_run_at_ms is not None